Associated Press
STOCKHOLM — All winners of the 2014 Nobel Prizes have now been announced, starting with the medicine award a week ago and ending with the economics prize on Monday.
The $1.1 million awards will be handed out on Dec. 10, the anniversary of prize founder Alfred Nobel’s death in 1896. Here is a list of this year’s laureates:
MEDICINE
U.S.-British scientist John O’Keefe split the Nobel Prize in medicine with Norwegian couple May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser for breakthroughs in brain cell research that could pave the way for a better understanding of diseases like Alzheimer’s.
PHYSICS
Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano of Japan and Japanese-born U.S. scientist Shuji Nakamura won the Nobel Prize in physics for the invention of blue light-emitting diodes, which promises to revolutionize the way the world lights its homes and offices — and already helps create the glowing screens of mobile phones, computers and TVs.
CHEMISTRY
U.S. researchers Eric Betzig and William Moerner and Stefan Hell of Germany won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for finding ways to make microscopes more powerful than previously thought possible, allowing scientists to see how diseases develop inside the tiniest cells.
LITERATURE
French writer Patrick Modiano won the Nobel Prize in literature for his lifelong study of the Nazi occupation and its effect on his country. Among more than 40 works, Modiano wrote the Prix Goncourt-winning “Missing Person” and co-wrote the acclaimed movie “Lacombe, Lucien.”
PEACE
Children’s rights activists Malala Yousafzai from Pakistan and Kailash Satyarthi of India shared the Nobel Peace Prize for campaigning for the rights of children and young people, particularly their right to education.
ECONOMICS
French economist Jean Tirole won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for research on market power and regulation, which the prize committee said helped governments understand and regulate industries dominated by a small number of powerful firms.
